FACTS or 'flexible AC transmission systems' is a term that has been suggested for the use of solid state devices to control bulk power flow in transmission systems. The Electric Power Research Institute supported this idea, and many researchers have. Integrated CAD/CAM software solution for textile industries, weaving mills, converters, design studios. All the standard tools for drawing and advanced features. Jan 17, 2018 - Weavepoint is software for advanced weaving design an efficient tool for creating, editing and analyzing textile patterns and colorways. Jul 14, 2018 - how to fix crack in concrete block foundation Steubenville Arrested: Laqwala Kelly-Grant, 26, 261 Clifton Ave., Mingo Junction, possession of. We are a team for Consultant, Designing and supporting for the all Textile fields start from the. We can crack all textile software with unlimited Date crack. WeavePoint is software for advanced weaving design - an efficient tool for creating, editing and analyzing textile patterns and colorways and keeping a pattern. Why is a flexible AC Transmission System Needed? In conventional AC transmission system, the ability to transfer AC power is limited by several factors like thermal limits, transient stability limit, voltage limit, short circuit current limit etc. These limits define the maximum electric power which can be efficiently transmitted through the transmission line without causing any damage to the electrical equipments and the transmission lines. This is normally achieved by bringing changes in the power system layout. However this is not feasible and another way of achieving maximum power transfer capability without any changes in the power system layout. Also with the introduction of variable impedance devices like capacitors and inductors, whole of the energy or power from the source is not transferred to the load, but a part is stored in these devices as reactive power and returned back to the source. Thus the actual amount of power transferred to the load or the active power is always less than the apparent power or the net power. For ideal transmission the active power should be equal to the apparent power. In other words, the power factor (the ratio of active power to apparent power) should be unity. This is where the role of Flexible AC transmission System comes. Before going to details about FACTS, let us brief about power factor. What is Power Factor? Power factor is defined as it is the ratio of active power to the apparent power in the circuit. Whatever the power factor is, on the other hand, the generating power should place machines to delivering a specific voltage and current. The generators must have the ability to withstand the appraised voltage and current of the power produced. The power factor (PF) value is in between 0.0 and 1.0. If the power factor is zero, the current flow is entirely reactive and power stored in the load returns to on every cycle. When the power factor is 1, all the current supplied by the source is devoured by the load. Generally, Power factor is expressed as leading or lagging of the voltage. Unity Power Factor Test Circuit The circuit with power supply is 230v and a choke are all connected in series. Flexible Ac Transmission System Ppt Pdf DownloadCapacitors are required to be connected in parallel through SCR switches to improve power factor.While the by-pass switch is off, the choke acts as an inductor and same current will flow in both the 10R/10W resistors. A CT is used the primary side of which is connected to the common point of the resistors. The other point of the CT goes to the one of the common point of a DPDT S1 switch. Ka 50 black shark keygen. While the DPDT switch is moved to left then the voltage drop proportional to the current is sensed by it to develop increased voltage. The voltage drop is proportional to lagging current. Thus the primary voltage from the CT provides lagging current. If used microcontroller based control circuit then receives zero current reference and compares with the zero voltage reference for calculating the power factor based on their time difference. So depending on the time difference required no. Flexible Ac Transmission System Ppt Pdf 変換Of SCR switches are switched on, there by switching additional capacitors till the power factor is near unity. Thus depending on the switch position one can sense the lagging current or the compensated current and the display provides accordingly the time delay between voltages, current with power factor display. What is Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS)? A Flexible AC transmission System refers to the system consisting of power electronic devices along with power system devices to enhance the controllability and stability of the transmission system and increase the power transfer capabilities. With the invention of thyristor switch, opened the door for the development of power electronics devices known as Flexible AC transmission systems (FACTS) controllers. Basically the FACT system is used to provide the controllability of high voltage side of the network by incorporating power electronic devices to introduce inductive or capacitive power in the network. 4 Types of FACTS Controllers • Series Controllers: Series Controllers consists of capacitors or reactors which introduce voltage in series with the line. They are basically variable impedance devices. Their major task is to reduce the inductivity of the transmission line. They supply or consume variable reactive power. Examples of series controllers are SSSC, TCSC, TSSC etc. • Shunt Controllers: Shunt controllers consist of variable impedance devices like capacitors or reactors which introduce current in series with the line. Flexible Ac Transmission System Ppt Pdf DocTheir major task is to reduce the capacitivity of the transmission line. The injected current is in phase with the line voltage. Examples of shunt controllers are STATCOM, TSR, TSC, SVC. • Shunt-Series Controllers: These controllers introduce current in series using the series controllers and voltage in shunt using the shunt controllers. Example is UPFC. • Series-Series Controllers: These controllers consist of a combination of series controllers with each controller providing series compensation and also the transfer real power along the line. Example is IPFC. 2 Types of Series Controllers • Thyristor controlled series capacitor (TCSC): Thyristor controlled series capacitor (TCSC) uses silicon controlled rectifiers to manage a capacitor bank connected in series with a line. This allows utility for transferring more power on a specified line. It generally consists of the thyristors in series with an inductor and connected across a capacitor. It can work in the blocking mode where the thyristor is not triggered and current passes through the capacitor only. It can work in the bypass mode where the current is bypassed to the thyristor and the whole system behaves as a shunt impedance network. Flexible Ac Transmission System Pdf• Static Series Synchronous Compensators: SSSC is simply a series version of STATCOM. These are not used in commercial applications as independent controllers. They consist of synchronous voltage source in series with the line such that it introduces a compensating voltage in series with the line. They can increase or decrease the voltage drop across the line. 2 Parallel Controllers • Static Variable Compensators: Static variable compensator is the most primitive and first generation of FACTS controller. This compensator consists of a fast thyristor switch controlling a reactor and/or shunt capacitive bank to provide dynamic shunt compensation. Smoking crack with a glass pipe. They generally consist of shunt connected variable impedance devices whose output can be adjusted using power electronic switches, to introduce capacitive or inductive reactance in the line. Facts Flexible Ac Transmission SystemIt can be placed at the middle of the line to increase the maximum power transfer capability and can also be placed at the end of the line to compensate for variations due to load. 3 Types of SVC are • TSR(Thyristor Switched Reactor): It consists of a shunt connected inductor whose impedance is controlled in a gradual manner using a Thyristor switch. The Thyristor is fired at angles of 90 and 180 degrees only. • TSC(Thyristor Switched Capacitor): It consists of a shunt connected capacitor whose impedance is controlled in a stepwise manner using a Thyristor. The manner of control using the SCR is same as that of TSR. • TCR(Thyristor Controlled Reactor): It consists of a shunt connected inductor whose impedance is controlled by the firing angle delay method of SCR wherein the firing of Thyristor is controlled causing a variation in the current through the inductor. • STATCOM(Static Synchronous Compensator): It consists of a voltage source which can be a DC energy source or a capacitor or a inductor whose output can be controlled using a Thyristor It is used to absorb or generate reactive power.
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